Money Supply (M3)
The money supply refers to all the currency and liquid instruments in a country's economy. An increase in the supply of money typically lowers interest rates, which in turn, generates more investment and puts more money in the hands of consumers and businesses, thereby stimulating spending. However, the opposite can occur if the money supply falls or when its growth rate declines.
In India, the RBI influences money supply available to the public through the requirements placed on banks to hold reserves, how to extend credit and other regulations. Economists analyze the money supply and develop policies revolving around it through controlling interest rates and increasing or decreasing the amount of money flowing in the economy. Public and private sector analysis is performed because of the money supply's possible impacts on price level, inflation, and the business cycle.
The various types of money in the money supply are generally classified M0, M1, M2 and M3, and reflects the different types of liquidity each type of money has in the economy:
- M0 and M1 ( also called narrow money) includes coins and notes that are in circulation and other money equivalents that can be converted easily to cash.
- M2 includes M1 and, in addition, short-term time deposits in banks and certain money market funds. These assets are less liquid than M1 and not as suitable as exchange mediums, but they can be quickly converted into cash or checking deposits.
- M3 includes M2 in addition to long-term deposits. It is the broadest measure of an economy's money supply. It emphasizes money as a store-of-value more so than as a medium of exchange - hence the inclusion of less-liquid assets in M3.
The money supply refers to all the currency and liquid instruments in a country's economy. An increase in the supply of money typically lowers interest rates, which in turn, generates more investment and puts more money in the hands of consumers and businesses, thereby stimulating spending. However, the opposite can occur if the money supply falls or when its growth rate declines.
In India, the RBI influences money supply available to the public through the requirements placed on banks to hold reserves, how to extend credit and other regulations. Economists analyze the money supply and develop policies revolving around it through controlling interest rates and increasing or decreasing the amount of money flowing in the economy. Public and private sector analysis is performed because of the money supply's possible impacts on price level, inflation, and the business cycle.
The various types of money in the money supply are generally classified M0, M1, M2 and M3, and reflects the different types of liquidity each type of money has in the economy:
- M0 and M1 ( also called narrow money) includes coins and notes that are in circulation and other money equivalents that can be converted easily to cash.
- M2 includes M1 and, in addition, short-term time deposits in banks and certain money market funds. These assets are less liquid than M1 and not as suitable as exchange mediums, but they can be quickly converted into cash or checking deposits.
- M3 includes M2 in addition to long-term deposits. It is the broadest measure of an economy's money supply. It emphasizes money as a store-of-value more so than as a medium of exchange - hence the inclusion of less-liquid assets in M3.
SUBJECT Variables
MONEY SUPPLY
- The supply of money (M3) in the Indian economy increased by 9% in 2022-23 to touch ₹223,438 billion, in comparison to 204,896 billion in 2021-22.
As of last Fri of March
Slight difference with values in Currency in Circulation (CIC) graph below exist as values here are as of last Friday of March while the values in CIC table are as of 31 March.
- ₹166,690 billion (74.6% of the total money supply) in 2022-23 was in the form of time (fixed) deposits with the RBI - the lowest ratio since at least 2010.
- ₹32,764 billion (14.7% of the total money supply) in 2022-23 was in the form of currency notes and coins in circulation with the general public - the highest ratio since at least 2010.
- ₹23,984 billion (10.7% of the total money supply) in 2022-23 was in the form of demand and other deposits with the RBI.
- The net non-monetary liabilities of the banking sector in 2022-23 were ₹41,935 billion (18.8% of the total M3 money supply), in comparison to ₹32,030 billion (15.6% of the total M3 money supply) in 2021-22.
- The bank credit to the commercial sector was close to a decadal high of ₹144,296 billion (64.6% of the total M3 money supply) in 2022-23
- The bank credit to the government sector in 2022-23 was ₹71,655 billion (32.1% of the total M3 money supply), in comparison to ₹62,042 billion (30.3% of the total M3 money supply) in 2021-22.
- The net foreign exchange (forex) assets of the banking sector totaled ₹49,118 billion (22% of the total M3 money supply) in 2022-23
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